Abstract
Fish bones are a natural calcium phosphate (CaP) sources used in biomaterials production for bone regeneration. CaP scaffolds can be enriched with other substances with biological activity to improve bone repair. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties and bone regeneration potential of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds impregnated with free curcumin (BCP-CL) or complexed with β-cyclodextrin (BCP-CD) compared to BCP scaffolds. Rietveld’s refinement showed that BCP is composed of 57.2% of HAp and 42.8% of β-TCP and the molar ratio of Ca/P corresponds to 1.59. The scaffolds presented porosity (macro and microporosity) of 57.21%. Apatite formation occurred on the BCP, BCP-CL, and BCP-CD surface, in vitro, in SBF. Micro-Raman technique showed a reduction in the dissolution rate of β-TCP in the curcumin-impregnated scaffolds over time, and in vivo studies on critical-size defects, in rat calvaria, had no additional regenerative effect of BCP-CL and BCP-CD scaffolds, compared to BCP scaffolds. Despite this, the study showed that curcumin impregnation in BCP scaffolds prolongs the release of the β-TCP phase, the BCP- phase with the higher osteoinductive potential, representing an advantage in tissue engineering.
Highlights
Bone regeneration potential of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds impregnated with free curcumin (BCP-CL) or complexed with β-cyclodextrin (BCP-CD) compared to BCP scaffolds was investigated in in vitro studies in SBF (Simulated Body Fluid) and in vivo in critical defects in rat calvaria
The animals were divided into three groups according to the chemical composition of the scaffolds implanted in the bone defect: (1) BCP Group, with pure BCP scaffolds; (2) BCP-CL group, with scaffolds impregnated with free curcumin, and (3) BCP-CD with scaffolds impregnated with curcumin impregnated with β-CD
The results of this study suggest that β-TCP had a slower ionic release as a result of interactions with other molecules in the system
Summary
Biomaterials are used to restore, repair or replace injured tissues, promoting cell migration and adhesion, tissue growth and nutrient diffusion [1–3]. Their regenerative ability is associated with its physicochemical properties, such as crystallinity, solubility, phase composition, surface chemistry, ionic charge, roughness and porosity [4,5]. The most commonly used biomaterials for bone regeneration are the calcium phosphatebased ones. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) or biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) are alternatives to autologous bone grafting (gold standard), and are widely used to promote bone regeneration due to their osteoinductive properties [6,7].
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