Abstract
Temephos (Abate1®), applied at a rate calculated to give a concentration of I ppm maintained for 10 min, cleared streams of immature black flies and effectively controlled a pest problem at the Fortuna Hydroelectric Project, Chiriqui Province, Republic of Panama. Simulium quadrivittatum accounted for over 90% of 16,544 simuliids captured on human bait during 1 year (October 1977–September 1978). Simulium metallicum and S. callidum, though primarily zoophilic, were also captured biting humans. Before control, the maximum mean fly density for any month was 53 flies/man-h (June 1976); during peak periods, however, fly densities exceeded 100 flies/man-h. Larvae and pupae of S. quadrivittatum were found most frequently in spring-led trickles of water in pastures. After treatment began in August 1978, adult biting densities decreased from 20 flies/man-h during July 1978 to less than 6 flies/man-h during September 1978. From March 1980 to May 1981, mean monthly densities within the treated area averaged 1.6 ± 0.2 flies/man-h; outside the treated area, fly densities averaged 14.1 ± 1.8 flies/man-h.
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