Abstract
Background: 3D bioprinting is the future of constructing functional organs. Creating a bioactive scaffold with pancreatic islets presents many challenges. The aim of this paper is to assess how the 3D bioprinting process affects islet viability. Methods: The BioX 3D printer (Cellink), 600 μm inner diameter nozzles, and 3% (w/v) alginate cell carrier solution were used with rat, porcine, and human pancreatic islets. Islets were divided into a control group (culture medium) and 6 experimental groups (each subjected to specific pressure between 15 and 100 kPa). FDA/PI staining was performed to assess the viability of islets. Analogous studies were carried out on α-cells, β-cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Results: Viability of human pancreatic islets was as follows: 92% for alginate-based control and 94%, 90%, 74%, 48%, 61%, and 59% for 15, 25, 30, 50, 75, and 100 kPa, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed between control and 50, 75, and 100 kPa, respectively. Similar observations were made for porcine and rat islets. Conclusions: Optimal pressure during 3D bioprinting with pancreatic islets by the extrusion method should be lower than 30 kPa while using 3% (w/v) alginate as a carrier.
Highlights
One of the most common 3D printing methods used in biomedical sciences is the printing of biocompatible scaffolds and seeding a proper density of cells onto them [1].Nowadays, 3D bioprinting is gaining increasing popularity
The aim of our research was to assess the viability of pancreatic islets and cell lines, which were subjected to different variants of shear stress using a 3D
We showed that for 3% alginate and with the use of a smaller nozzle (200 μm instead of 580 μm), the islet viability was much lower and is correlated with the higher shear stress inside the nozzle tip, which was proven by CFD
Summary
It is a promising and a realistic technique in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine [2]. It is based on highly biocompatible hydrogels, called bioinks, which are used to create proper organs and tissue scaffolds. Cell-laden means that cells are suspended in the entire volume of a bioink [3]. It is one of the fastest growing techniques that enables the creation of living and functional 3D structures that can contribute to the development of modern tissue engineering. It is one of the fastest growing techniques that enables the creation of living and functional 3D structures that can contribute to the development of modern tissue engineering. [3]
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