Abstract
The aim of the study was to show not only a possible visual replacement in patients with loss of sight, but also to discuss its efficiency. The study is focused on the issue of transmission of electrical voltage changes in the visual pathway under physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, it points to the feedback autoregulatory damage, not only of the primarily altered cellular structures, but also of all other structures localised both horizontally and vertically. Based on the results of the functional magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological methods, it demonstrates the pathology of the entire visual pathway in three important eye diseases: pigmentary retinal dystrophy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. The study also provides an overview of possible systems used to replace loss of vision, ranging from epiretinal, subretinal, suprachoroidal implants to stimulation of the optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex. Regarding the pathophysiology of neurotransmission, it is assumed that recovery of sight using these systems is not possible.
Highlights
Worsening of sight and blindness remain significant problems of general healthcare worldwide
Most blind and visually impaired people live in low-income countries, it is important to note that blindness caused by eye diseases is an important healthcare problem in Europe [2]
One of the first stimuli that led us to investigate visual pathway processes was the simultaneous measurement of the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and the pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP) in a 20-year-old healthy individual, first at intraocular pressure (NOT) of 15 mmHg and following its increase to 40 mmHg
Summary
Worsening of sight and blindness remain significant problems of general healthcare worldwide. Consisting of impairment of the retinal ganglion cell axons with excavation on the optic disc and changes in the visual field. One of the first stimuli that led us to investigate visual pathway processes was the simultaneous measurement of the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and the pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP) in a 20-year-old healthy individual, first at intraocular pressure (NOT) of 15 mmHg and following its increase to 40 mmHg. To our surprise, neurotransmission was blocked at the level of the retinal ganglion cells, while PVEP changed slightly (Figure 1).
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