Abstract
ABSTRACT An electrochemical gold nanoparticle sensor was developed for the detection of zinc, cadmium and lead ions, due to its electronic properties provided by the large surface/volume ratio and its easy surface modification. Linear ranges for Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ solutions were 0.469–3.051 µM, 3.968–68.970 µM and 7.937–137.900 µM, respectively. Sensitivity values were superior for electrode modified with chitosan, melamine and gold nanoparticles, and its microamperes/micromoles ratio were 5.7887 [µA/(µM)], 0.8915 [µA/(µM)] and 0.2221 [µA/(µM)], for Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ solutions, respectively. Synthetic sample solutions with concentrations higher than 1.481 µM Pb2+/L, 37.04 µM Cd2+/L and 74.07 µM Zn2+/L were analysed with high selectivity for the three ions in the mixed water samples. The results showed relevant enhancement of the electrochemical response signals for the ion-selective membrane sensor when the AuNPs added to the composite, a suitable resolution was reached leading to higher selectivity and better accuracy.
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