Abstract

Among the various types of nanoparticles and their strategy for synthesis, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has gained much attention in the biomedical, cellular imaging, cosmetics, drug delivery, food, and agrochemical industries due to their unique physicochemical and biological properties. The green synthesis strategies incorporate the use of plant extracts, living organisms, or biomolecules as bioreducing and biocapping agents, also known as bionanofactories for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The use of green chemistry is ecofriendly, biocompatible, nontoxic, and cost-effective. We shed light on the recent advances in green synthesis and physicochemical properties of green silver nanoparticles by considering the outcomes from recent studies applying SEM, TEM, AFM, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, and XRD techniques. Furthermore, we cover the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic activities of silver nanoparticles.

Highlights

  • Nanotechnology is coming into focus owing to its plethora of applications that can be elucidated as the manipulation of a material using several procedures to create matters with some desired specific properties

  • Owing to the drawbacks associated with synthetic approaches such as the employment of the reactive and toxic reducing and stabilizing agents that lead to adverse effects, a similar scenario has evolved in nanoparticle synthesis, especially silver nanoparticle fabrication methods

  • AgNP synthesis methods including phytosynthesis, microbial-mediated synthesis, and enzyme-based synthesis, revealing the potential of various organisms and biomolecules to be employed as bionanofactories for green synthesis

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Summary

Introduction

Nanotechnology is coming into focus owing to its plethora of applications that can be elucidated as the manipulation of a material using several procedures to create matters with some desired specific properties It usually involves particles possessing dimensions from 1–100 nm [1]. Proposed by Anastas and Warner and integrating them with modern developments This can reduce the use of harmful chemicals and elevate the efficiency of the process [3,5]. Sci. 2021, 22, 11993 chemistry” proposed by Anastas and Warner and integrating them with modern developments Several factors influence the choice is color, but theover concept of synthesizing nanoparticles from metal salts exploitofnot the the green approach conventional methods.

Antimicrobial
Strategies for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
Phytosynthesis
Extracts of Roots
Extracts of Seeds
Extracts of Fruits
Extracts of Leaves
Microbial Synthesis of Silver NPs
Bacteria-Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver NPs
Nitrate
Yeast-Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver NPs
Algae-Mediated Synthesis of AgNPs
Actinomycetes-Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver NPs
Enzyme-Based Synthesis of Silver NPs
Green Synthesis from Vitamins
Ionic Liquid-Mediated Synthesis
Irradiation-Assisted Synthesis
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis
Characterization of Green Silver Nanoparticles
Surface Morphology
Antibacterial Applications
Antifungal Applications
Antiparasitic Applications
Findings
Conclusions and Future Perspectives

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