Abstract
In the last decade, the interest toward the formulation of polymer films for cultural heritage protection continuously grew, and these films must be imperatively transparent, removable, and should not react/interact with surface of the artworks. In this research, bionanocomposite films, based on chitosan (Ch) and pectin (P) and containing naturally occurring fillers and antioxidants, were formulated by solvent casting methods and were accurately characterized. The natural halloysite nanotubes (HNT) have a two-fold role, specifically, physical compatibilizer and antioxidant carrier. Therefore, the theoretical solubility between Ch and P was estimated considering Hoy’s method for solubility of polymers, while the optimum ratio between biopolymer constituents was assessed by ζ-potential measurements. The transparency, wettability, and mechanical behavior of Ch:P films, also in presence of HNT without and with antioxidants, were investigated. The beneficial effects of natural antioxidants, such as vanillic acid (VA) and quercetin (Q), on Ch:P/HNT durability were found.
Highlights
In the last decades, the interest in maintenance and re-construction of the world’s cultural heritage through introduction of protective polymer films/coatings has constantly grown and as expected, these films/coatings must be imperatively transparent, removable, chemically compatible, and not able to interact/react with protected surface
The thermogravimetric curves are provided in the supporting files and the obtained loading efficacy expressed as antioxidant mass percent into the composite with halloysite nanotubes (HNT) are 0.537% w/w and 2.59% w/w for HNT/vanillic acid (VA) and HNT/Q, respectively
Considering all functional groups presented in both Ch and P monomers, the calculated values of theoretical solubility parameters are shown in Sample δtot, (J/cm3 )1/2 δp, (J/cm3 )1/2 δh, (J/cm3 )1/2 δd, (J/cm3 )1/2
Summary
The interest in maintenance and re-construction of the world’s cultural heritage through introduction of protective polymer films/coatings has constantly grown and as expected, these films/coatings must be imperatively transparent, removable, chemically compatible, and not able to interact/react with protected surface. An exciting study by Fraeye et al [23] documents that the pectin may form a three-dimensional network structure by adding bivalent cations, such as calcium ions, and the calcium ions may be packed in the interstices of the twisted pectin chains, which may improve the film’s properties Biopolymers, such as Ch and P, can be considered good candidates to formulate biopolymer blends for the development of edible coatings and films, at an industrial scale, because of their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and film-forming ability [24,25,26]. The effect of HNT and AO on mechanical behavior, wettability, and photo-oxidative resistance of Ch:P films was studied and evaluated considering these bionanocomposite films as promising materials for cultural heritage protection
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