Abstract
Over recent three decades, the electrochemical techniques have become widely used in biological identification and detection, because it presents optimum features for efficient and sensitive molecular detection of organic compounds, being able to trace quantities with a minimum of reagents and sample manipulation. Given these special features, electrochemical techniques are regularly exploited in disease diagnosis and monitoring. Specifically, amperometric electrochemical analysis has proven to be quite suitable for the detection of physiological biomarkers in monitoring health conditions, as well as toward the control of reactive oxygen species released in the course of oxidative burst during inflammatory events. Besides, electrochemical detection techniques involve a simple and swift assessment that provides a low detection-limit for most of the molecules enclosed biological fluids and related to non-transmittable morbidities.
Highlights
IntroductionA significant increase in chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has been observed in individuals of all ages, making it one of the main leading causes of worldwide death [1]
In the past decades, a significant increase in chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has been observed in individuals of all ages, making it one of the main leading causes of worldwide death [1].These NCDs are chronic and non-transferable health conditions; closely related to an individual’s lifestyle and it’s contact with environmental pollutants and many emerge from inappropriate diets and detrimental behavioural habits, such as tobacco and alcohol use [2].As living organisms are in dynamic equilibrium with a direct vicinity environment, any metabolic imbalance may disrupt other related parameters such as glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, among others, in a domino effect
These latter works were analysed in the light of the evidence provided on broader populations, and all the researches resulting from studies with unrepresentative groups were discarded
Summary
A significant increase in chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has been observed in individuals of all ages, making it one of the main leading causes of worldwide death [1] These NCDs are chronic and non-transferable health conditions; closely related to an individual’s lifestyle and it’s contact with environmental pollutants and many emerge from inappropriate diets and detrimental behavioural habits, such as tobacco and alcohol use [2]. As living organisms are in dynamic equilibrium with a direct vicinity environment, any metabolic imbalance may disrupt other related parameters such as glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, among others, in a domino effect. This lack of sensitivity to insulin action stimulates the appearance of type-2 diabetes mellitus due to the permanent high level of glucose in blood [3]. The control and surveillance of the amount of such biological parameters (biomolecules) in the patient’s fluids, is of significant importance for precise, correct, and relevant treatment
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