Biomolecular influenza virus detection based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using the nanocrystalline boron-doped diamond electrodes with covalently bound antibodies

Abstract

New rapid pathogen detection methods with improved cost-effectiveness and efficiency are currently in the focus of the scientists from all over the world. Based on the experiences from the rapid spread of the influenza virus pandemic in 2009 it is clear that the development of the system for early diagnosis of this infection is essential. The crucial stage of the treatment is the detection of the viral infection during its initial development phase when approximately only several dozens to hundreds of virus particles are present in the pharynx of the infected individual.The present study describes the new universal antibody-modified nanocrystalline boron-doped diamond biosensor for the direct detection of the viral particles at ultralow concentrations. Polyclonal anti-M1 antibodies (aM1) against the M1 protein, the universal biomarker of influenza virus, are attached to the surface of the diamond electrode. Capturing the M1 protein results in electrochemical impedance spectra changes.Achieved limit of detection (LOD) for the approach using M1 biomarker in saliva buffer is 5 × 10−14 g/mL, i.e., several virus particles per sample. Additionally, this assay may be soon developed into the first commercial test utilizing diamond electrodes for the detection of the influenza infection.