Biomineralization: Self‐Assembly Processes

Abstract

AbstractThis article focuses on biomineralization processing involving nanoparticle self‐assembly. Biomineralization is a process of depositing inorganic or inorganic–organic hybrid materials as complex shapes or as hierarchical structures on various size scales having unique properties. Emerging nonclassical crystallization methods of self‐assembly are summarized, including oriented attachment, mesocrystal growth from amorphous precursors, and polymer particle assembly from polymer‐induced liquid precursors. Recent progress in understanding biomineralization in nature and biomimetic mineralization via nanoparticle self‐assembly directed by organic molecules is summarized. Crystallization in organisms commonly involves biopolymer‐induced nucleation and growth, self‐assembly of nanobuilding blocks, and organization of amorphous precursors. A better understanding of biomineralization in organisms and self‐assembly process, in general, will lead to the rational design and synthesis of functional materials having well‐defined hierarchical structures, controlled length scales, and desired properties under environment‐friendly conditions.