Abstract
The two types of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) surface characteristics were evaluated by oil contact angle under ethanol–water solution at several concentrations as well as in air. Wood pulp-based 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxylradical (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCNF) sheets and bamboo-derived mechanical counter collision cellulose nanofiber (ACC-CNF) sheets were fabricated by casting followed by drying. The CNF shows underwater superoleophobic mimicking fish skin properties and slippery surface mimicking Nepenthes pitcher. The underwater superoleophobic properties of CNF was evaluated theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical calculation and experimental results of contact angle showed a large deviation. The roughness, zeta potential, and water absorption at different concentrations were key factors that determine the deviation. Antifouling investigation revealed that CNF was a good candidate for antifouling material.
Highlights
The two types of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) surface characteristics were evaluated by oil contact angle under ethanol–water solution at several concentrations as well as in air
The properties known as a superoleophobic surface come from the hydrophilic protein of fish skin that absorbs much water
A cellulose nanofiber with abundant of hydroxyl groups on the surface is a candidate for underwater superoleophobicity
Summary
The two types of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) surface characteristics were evaluated by oil contact angle under ethanol–water solution at several concentrations as well as in air. The CNF shows underwater superoleophobic mimicking fish skin properties and slippery surface mimicking Nepenthes pitcher. The underwater superoleophobic properties of CNF was evaluated theoretically and experimentally. A cellulose nanofiber with abundant of hydroxyl groups on the surface is a candidate for underwater superoleophobicity. Carboxylic groups of wood pulp-based 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxylradical (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCNF) dissociate in underwater conditions. This tendency leads to an error of prediction. We report the contact angle prediction of cellulose nanofiber-coated surfaces under several concentrations of ethanol–water solutions and compare it to the experimental results. In in-air condition, on a smooth surface, contact angles are predicted by Young’s e quation[14]: cosθOA
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