Abstract
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is one of the most widely used bone graft materials in dentistry. However, the ability of DBM to reliably and predictably induce bone regeneration has always been a cause for concern. The quality of DBM varies greatly depending on several donor dependent factors and also manufacturing techniques. In order to standardize the quality and to enable reliable and predictable bone regeneration, we have generated a biomimetically-enhanced version of DBM (BE-DBM) using clinical grade commercial DBM as a control. We have generated the BE-DBM by incorporating a cell-derived pro-osteogenic extracellular matrix (ECM) within clinical grade DBM. In the present study, we have characterized the BE-DBM and evaluated its ability to induce osteogenic differentiation of human marrow derived stromal cells (HMSCs) with respect to clinical grade commercial DBM. Our results indicate that the BE-DBM contains significantly more pro-osteogenic factors than DBM and enhances HMSC differentiation and mineralized matrix formation in vitro and in vivo. Based on our results, we envision that the BE-DBM has the potential to replace DBM as the bone graft material of choice.
Highlights
Bone is the second most transplanted organ in the human body (Marino and Ziran, 2010)
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and biomimetically-enhanced version of DBM (BE-DBM) sections were immunostained for the presence of several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and growth factors that play an important role in osteogenesis and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
The BE-DBM was generated using the DBM from the same container and the results are directly comparable
Summary
Bone is the second most transplanted organ in the human body (Marino and Ziran, 2010). Over 75% of birth defects are craniofacial anomalies (such as cleft palate) that require bone reconstruction procedures (Zuk, 2008). With the many wars around the globe, the incidence of injuries requiring bone reconstruction is at an all time high. Over the past decade several natural and synthetic biomaterials have been developed to aid bone regeneration (George and Ravindran, 2010). They have not been able to replace currently used bone graft materials successfully. The focus of this study is the generation of a modified bone graft material with superior osteoinductive properties
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