Abstract
Artificial antibodies represent a key factor in the generation of sensing systems for the selective detection of bioanalytes of variable sizes. With biomimetic surfaces, the important model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae and several of its growth stages may be detected. Quartz crystal microbalances (QCM) with 10 MHz fundamental frequency and coated with polymers imprinted with synchronized yeast cells are presented, which are able to detect duplex cells with high selectivity. Furthermore, a multichannel quartz crystal microbalance (MQCM) was designed and optimized for the measurement in liquids. This one-chip system based on four-electrode geometry allows the simultaneous detection of four analytes and, thus, provides a monitoring system for biotechnology and process control. For further standardization of the method, synthetic stamps containing plastic yeast cells in different growth stages were produced and utilized for imprinting. Mass-sensitive measurements with such MIPs resulted in the same sensor characteristics as obtained for those imprinted with native yeast cells.
Highlights
Over the last decade, label-free detection of bioanalytes has become a center of focus in analytical chemistry
We have focused on the selective identification of the significant model organism S. cerevisiae in different stages of its cell cycle
The present work is targeted at the sensor characteristic, as can be seen in Figure 8 showing the individual frequency shifts of a Quartz crystal microbalances (QCM) coated with stamp-templated yeast MIP at four concentrations
Summary
Label-free detection of bioanalytes has become a center of focus in analytical chemistry. Combining molecularly imprinted polymers with mass-sensitive devices provides robust and miniaturizable measuring systems, which have proven to be highly suitable for this purpose Due to their easy adaptability to a variety of analytes/templates ranging from a few nm to several m, MIPs are used versatilely—e.g., for the detection of blood, insulin, cells, viruses or even immunoglobulins [1,2]. The resulting MIPs proved to be highly sensitive in the detection of synchronized yeast cells and to be selective, since the cross-sensitivity to yeasts in their single cell stage is comparatively low [3,4] Another task in the development of reliable sensor systems is improving reproducibility and standardizing the manufacturing process. Surface imprinting with different growth stages of S. cerevisiae resulted in a biomimetic chemosensor suitable to monitor the growth development of this important microorganism
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