Biomimetic Surfaces Coated with Covalently Immobilized Collagen Type I: An X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Micro-CT and Histomorphometrical Study in Rabbits.

Antonio Scarano,Felice Lorusso,Giorgio Iviglia,Marco Morra,Luca Valbonetti,Tiziana Orsini

doi:10.3390/ijms20030724

Abstract

Background: The process of osseointegration of dental implants is characterized by healing phenomena at the level of the interface between the surface and the bone. Implant surface modification has been introduced in order to increase the level of osseointegration. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of biofunctional coatings for dental implants and the bone healing response in a rabbit model. The implant surface coated with collagen type I was analyzed through X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), micro-CT and histologically. Methods: The sandblasted and double acid etched surface coated with collagen type I, and uncoated sandblasted and double acid etched surface were evaluated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis in order evaluate the different morphology. In vivo, a total of 36 implants were positioned in rabbit articular femoral knee-joint, 18 fixtures for each surface. Micro-CT scans, histological and histomorphometrical analysis were conducted at 15, 30 and 60 days. Results: A histological statistical differences were evident at 15, 30 and 60 days (p < 0.001). Both implant surfaces showed a close interaction with newly formed bone. Mature bone appeared in close contact with the surface of the fixture. The AFM outcome showed a similar roughness for both surfaces. Conclusion: However, the final results showed that a coating of collagen type I on the implant surface represents a promising procedure able to improve osseointegration, especially in regions with a low bone quality.

Highlights

Dental implants are successfully applied for partially or totally edentulous patients with missing single or multiple teeth [1]
Different implant surface treatments have been proposed by different authors to increase bone implant contact and bone density
New surfaces have been proposed by different authors; for example a post-machining surface after treatment with sandblasting and acid-etching or dual acid-etching was studied through a variety of techniques or the incorporation of bioactive ceramic, HA and calcium phosphate (CaP), crystals polymer coatings [10] or polyetheretherketone (PEEK) coating [11]

Summary

Introduction

Dental implants are successfully applied for partially or totally edentulous patients with missing single or multiple teeth [1]. New surfaces have been proposed by different authors; for example a post-machining surface after treatment with sandblasting and acid-etching or dual acid-etching was studied through a variety of techniques or the incorporation of bioactive ceramic, HA and calcium phosphate (CaP), crystals polymer coatings [10] or polyetheretherketone (PEEK) coating [11]. These coatings improved and increased the surface area of the implants and increased dental implant stability and bone anchoring/biomechanics [12]. Conclusion: the final results showed that a coating of collagen type I on the implant surface represents a promising procedure able to improve osseointegration, especially in regions with a low bone quality

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion