Biomimetic Surface Modification Using Synthetic Oligopeptides for Enhanced Guided Bone Regeneration in Beagles

Abstract

In previous studies, oligopeptide corresponding to the cell-binding domains of bone morphogenetic proteins that bind to bone morphogenetic protein receptor enhanced the bone regenerative capacity of bovine bone minerals (BBM). The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of BBM coated with oligopeptide to promote periodontal regeneration in a 1-wall intrabony defect model in dogs. The second and third mandibular premolars and first molars of six adult beagles were extracted bilaterally, and the extraction sites were allowed to heal for 10 weeks. The 1-wall intrabony defects were prepared bilaterally on the mesial and distal side of the fourth mandibular premolars. Twenty-four intrabony defects were assigned to four treatment groups: 1) open flap debridement; 2) guided tissue regeneration (GTR); 3) GTR with a collagen membrane and BBM; and 4) GTR with a collagen membrane and BBM coated with the oligopeptide (Pep-BBM). The animals were sacrificed 10 weeks after surgery. For the histometric analysis, defect height, junctional epithelium migration, new cementum, new bone height, and new bone area were measured. New bone volume was measured using microcomputed tomography. Wound healing was generally uneventful. For junctional epithelium migration, the BBM and Pep-BBM groups exhibited mean (± SE) values of 0.53 ± 0.41 and 0.48 ± 0.30 mm, and for new cementum height, 1.71 ± 0.46 and 2.50 ± 2.00 mm, respectively. For junctional epithelium migration and cementum regeneration, there were no significant differences between the two groups. The mean (± SE) values of new bone height and new bone volume in the Pep-BBM group (3.88 ± 0.31 mm and 32.35% ± 9.60%) were significantly greater than the mean values for the BBM group (2.60 ± 0.41 mm and 20.56% ± 1.89%). For bone regeneration, the Pep-BBM group showed superior results compared to the BBM group with statistically significant differences. Through various parameters to evaluate periodontal regeneration, this oligopeptide coating influenced only the ability of BBM to promote bone regeneration in 1-wall intrabony defects in beagles. Junctional epithelium migration and cementum regeneration were not affected by this oligopeptide coating, and further investigations with special focus on regeneration of the periodontal ligament are necessary.