Biomimetic production, characterisation, in vitro cytotoxic and anticancer assessment of aqueous extract‐mediated AgNPs of Teucrium stocksianum Boiss

Abstract

Owing to the numerous biological applications, cost effectiveness and low cytotoxicity of the biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs), the authors optimised the production of silver NPs (AgNPs) using aqueous extract of Teucrium stocksianum Boiss. The NPs were characterised by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The UV-vis spectroscopy revealed a surface plasmon resonance (410-440 nm) at an incubation temperature of 90°C when 1 mM Ag nitrate combined to 5 mg/ml extract concentration in the ratio of 1:10. DLS results show an average zeta size of ∼44.61 nm and zeta potential of −15.3 mV. SEM and XRD confirmed the high crystallinity and cubical symmetry with an average size below 100 nm. FTIR measurement shows the presence of various functional groups, responsible for the capping and reduction of Ag metal. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell viability assay shows that AgNPs are less cytotoxic to J774 and L929 cells as compared with enhanced anticancer activity with low IC50 concentrations (68.24 µg/ml) against Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells. The ethidium bromide/acridine orange assay shows that the AgNPs kill the cell by apoptosis. Overall, the results show that AgNPs possesses potent anticancer activities.