Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis, one of the most common forms of the disease, is characterized by a gradual formation of atherosclerotic plaque, hardening, and narrowing of the arteries. Nanomaterials can serve as powerful delivery platforms for atherosclerosis treatment. However, their therapeutic efficacy is substantially limited in vivo due to nonspecific clearance by the mononuclear phagocytic system. In order to address this limitation, rapamycin (RAP)‐loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles are cloaked with the cell membrane of red blood cells (RBCs), creating superior nanocomplexes with a highly complex functionalized bio‐interface. The resulting biomimetic nanocomplexes exhibit a well‐defined “core–shell” structure with favorable hydrodynamic size and negative surface charge. More importantly, the biomimetic nature of the RBC interface results in less macrophage‐mediated phagocytosis in the blood and enhanced accumulation of nanoparticles in the established atherosclerotic plaques, thereby achieving targeted drug release. The biomimetic nanocomplexes significantly attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis. Additionally, the biomimetic nanotherapy approach also displays favorable safety properties. Overall, this study demonstrates the therapeutic advantages of biomimetic nanotherapy for atherosclerosis treatment, which holds considerable promise as a new generation of drug delivery system for safe and efficient management of atherosclerosis.
Highlights
Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids, immune cells, and fibrous elements in the artery wall
Despite the fact that the Dh of red blood cells (RBCs) vesicles was 630 ± 28.6 nm (PDI: 0.576), the Dh of RBC/RAP@poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was close to that of RAP@PLGA, suggesting that the RBC membrane was tightly wrapped around the RAP@PLGA particles
We further analyzed the morphologies of RAP@ PLGA and RBC/RAP@PLGA using transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Summary
Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids, immune cells, and fibrous elements in the artery wall. Due to PEG’s highly flexible and hydrophilic properties, a PEG coating creates a hydration layer to effectively reduce undesirable protein adsorption onto the surface, evade immune recognition and clearance, and prolong the blood circulation time to enhance targeted drug delivery by EPR (enhanced permeability and retention) effects.[15,16] several PEG-modified nanodelivery systems have achieved some success in the clinic,[17,18] it is increasingly being reported that the response of the immune system against the synthetic polymer, and the production of antibodies against PEG, potentially impair their performance in long-term treatment.[19,20] More recently, cell membrane-coated nanoparticles with highly complex functionalities for effective bio-interfacing have been developed.[21,22,23,24] These membrane-coated nanoparticles possess high biocompatibility and prolonged half-life in the circulation, as well as exhibiting disease-specific targeting Such membranecoated nanomedicines have been employed in various research areas, including detoxification, vaccination, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.[14,21,25,26,27] Various different types of membrane have been used to fabricate biomimetic nanoparticles. We have shown that these biomimetic nanoparticles can accumulate within atherosclerotic plaques and efficiently inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
