Abstract
The modification of implant devices with biocompatible coatings has become necessary as a consequence of premature loosening of prosthesis. This is caused mainly by chronic inflammation or allergies that are triggered by implant wear, production of abrasion particles, and/or release of metallic ions from the implantable device surface. Specific to the implant tissue destination, it could require coatings with specific features in order to provide optimal osseointegration. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) became a well-known physical vapor deposition technology that has been successfully applied to a large variety of biocompatible inorganic coatings for biomedical prosthetic applications. Matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) is a PLD-derived technology used for depositions of thin organic material coatings. In an attempt to surpass solvent related difficulties, when different solvents are used for blending various organic materials, combinatorial MAPLE was proposed to grow thin hybrid coatings, assembled in a gradient of composition. We review herein the evolution of the laser technological process and capabilities of growing thin bio-coatings with emphasis on blended or multilayered biomimetic combinations. These can be used either as implant surfaces with enhanced bioactivity for accelerating orthopedic integration and tissue regeneration or combinatorial bio-platforms for cancer research.
Highlights
The modification of implant devices with biocompatible coatings has become necessary as a consequence of premature loosening of prosthesis
Second was a new Bone Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA) device that was tested, consisting of a commercially pure titanium coated with a plasma sprayed HA layer on the entire soft tissue-contacting surface of the abutment up to 3 mm below the top surface
There are various physical and chemical deposition techniques employed for the synthesis of bio-coatings and they exhibit advantages and limitations regarding the type of material, the preservation of stoichiometry, control of morphological and structural properties, or processing of the coating area
Summary
During the last two decades, new challenges in nanoscience and nanotechnology have been continuously addressed, in particular within the biomedical field [1,2,3]. The design of innovative biomaterials should aim to precisely control the composition–properties relationship in order to modulate cell behavior in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative nanomedicine [7] or cancer theranostics [8]. With the development of the materials science field, biomaterial surface properties have advanced from bio-inert to bio-active and bio-resorbable, to bio-conductive. These characteristics have been shown to strongly influence cell behaviors such as viability, proliferation, migration, and differentiation [4,5,9]. An improvement in the biomaterial surface could be attained by modifying their basic morphological properties to create a biomimetic environment that could eventually control the cell–surface interaction. A broad variety of coating materials are extensively explored for tissue engineering applications, spanning from ceramics, natural and synthetic biopolymers, proteins, peptides, enzymes, and growth factors to cover composite biomimetic materials consisting of blends with drugs or other biomolecules
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