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Abstract
The osteochondral defects caused by vigorous trauma or physical disease are difficult to be managed. Tissue engineering provides a possible option to regenerate the damaged osteochondral tissues. For osteochondral reconstruction, one intact scaffold should be considered to support the regeneration of both cartilage and subchondral bone. Therefore, the biphasic scaffolds with the mimic structures of osteochondral tissues have been developed to close this chasm. A variety of biomimetic bilayer scaffolds fabricated from natural or synthetic polymers, or the ones loading with growth factors, cells, or both of them make great progresses in osteochondral defect repair. In this review, the preparation and in vitro and/or in vivo verification of bioinspired biphasic scaffolds are summarized and discussed, as well as the prospect is predicted.
Highlights
Cartilage regeneration as one of the most important orthopedic research areas has been intensively explored for decades [1]
Subchondral bone involving cartilage defects can be caused by some physical diseases, such as osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) [3]
Some of biphasic scaffolds are directly implanted into the local osteochondral defect region without loading any growth factors or cells, biotic factors are considered as important parts in tissue engineering
Summary
Cartilage regeneration as one of the most important orthopedic research areas has been intensively explored for decades [1]. One intact scaffold should be considered to support the regeneration of both cartilage and subchondral bone. A variety of biomimetic bilayer scaffolds fabricated from natural or synthetic polymers, or the ones loading with growth factors, cells, or both of them make great progresses in osteochondral defect repair.
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