Abstract
Natural disesquiterpenoids represent a small group of secondary metabolites characterized by complex molecular scaffolds and interesting pharmacological profiles. In the last decade, more than 400 new disesquiterpenoids have been discovered and fully characterized, pointing out once more the “magic touch” of nature in the design of new compounds. The perfect blend of complex and unique architectures and biological activity has made sesquiterpene dimers an attractive and challenging synthetic target, inspiring organic chemists to find new and biomimetic approaches to replicate the efficiency and the selectivity of natural processes under laboratory conditions. In this work, we present a review covering the literature from 2010 to 2020 reporting all the efforts made in the total synthesis of complex natural disesquiterpenoids.
Highlights
Synthesis of NaturalNatural products have always been an invaluable source of bioactive compounds targeting important biological endpoints and are continuing to serve as curative agents against different pathologies [1,2]
Secondary metabolites are characterized by a high structural complexity deriving from the work of complex enzymatic systems capable of synthesizing monomeric compounds, and dimeric, trimeric and polymeric frameworks leading to a wide range of interactions with a large number of functional proteins marked by homo- and hetero-oligomeric structures
They are classified in three major classes depending on their biogenetic pathways and their structural features, namely true disesquiterpenoids, pseudo-disesquiterpenoids and di-merosesquiterpenoids [6]
Summary
Natural products have always been an invaluable source of bioactive compounds targeting important biological endpoints and are continuing to serve as curative agents against different pathologies [1,2]. Disesquiterpenoids, or sesquiterpene dimers, are a group of active molecules containing at least 30 carbons, with a high structural variance deriving from homo- or heterodimeric coupling of two sesquiterpenoids units. They are classified in three major classes depending on their biogenetic pathways and their structural features, namely true disesquiterpenoids, pseudo-disesquiterpenoids and di-merosesquiterpenoids [6]. The last group of dimers derives from hybrid biogenetic pathways leading chimeric structures with the terpenoid moiety linked by a C-C bond with other subunits belonging to different classes of secondary metabolites such as polyphenols and alkaloids. The compounds will be grouped according to the class of the terpenoids subunits
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