Abstract
This study was demonstrated with a coculture fermentation system using sugar beet pulp (SBP) as a carbon source combining the cellulose-degrading bacterium Clostridium cellulovorans with microbial flora of methane production (MFMP) for the direct conversion of cellulosic biomass to methane (CH4). The MFMP was taken from a commercial methane fermentation plant and extremely complicated. Therefore, the MFMP was analyzed by a next-generation sequencing system and the microbiome was identified and classified based on several computer programs. As a result, Methanosarcina mazei (1.34% of total counts) and the other methanogens were found in the MFMP. Interestingly, the simultaneous utilization of hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) for methanogenesis was observed in the coculture with Consortium of C. cellulovorans with the MFMP (CCeM) including M. mazei. Furthermore, the CCeM degraded 87.3% of SBP without any pretreatment and produced 34.0 L of CH4 per 1 kg of dry weight of SBP. Thus, a gas metabolic shift in the fermentation pattern of C. cellulovorans was observed in the CCeM coculture. These results indicated that degradation of agricultural wastes was able to be carried out simultaneously with CH4 production by C. cellulovorans and the MFMP.
Highlights
First-generation biofuels are made from cones and sugarcanes to mainly produce bioethanol by using yeast, they are crops and foods without doubt that led to the food problem
Cellulosic biomass is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and has rigid and complex structures (Gray et al 2006)
We investigated a process for producing CH4 and hydrogen ( H2) via the coculture of C. cellulovorans with microbial flora of methane production (MFMP) that called the Consortium of C. cellulovorans with MFMP (CCeM) with carbon sources such as sugar beet pulp (SBP) and Avicel
Summary
First-generation biofuels are made from cones and sugarcanes to mainly produce bioethanol by using yeast, they are crops and foods without doubt that led to the food problem. Second-generation biofuels are produced from non-edible biomass such as agricultural wastes and cellulosic substrates (Naik et al 2010; Schenk et al 2008). Cellulosic biomass is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and has rigid and complex structures (Gray et al 2006). Hemicellulose is heteropolymer such as xylan, glucuronoxylan, arabinoxylan, glucomannan, and xyloglucan. Since rigid and complex structures are constructed in cellulosic biomass, it is very difficult to degrade them enzymatically
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