Abstract
Nanofibers are one-dimensional nanomaterial in fiber form with diameter less than 1 µm and an aspect ratio (length/diameter) larger than 100:1. Among the different types of nanoparticle-loaded nanofiber systems, nanofibers loaded with magnetic nanoparticles have gained much attention from biomedical scientists due to a synergistic effect obtained from the unique properties of both the nanofibers and magnetic nanoparticles. These magnetic nanoparticle-encapsulated or -embedded nanofiber systems can be used not only for imaging purposes but also for therapy. In this review, we focused on recent advances in nanofibers loaded with magnetic nanoparticles, their biomedical applications, and future trends in the application of these nanofibers.
Highlights
Nanofibers are fibers with diameters less than 1000 nm [1]
Higher levels of cell adhesion noticed on the PCL-MNP scaffolds vs. PCL (* p < 0.05); (b) Cell adhesion morphology taken from confocal microscopy of immunofluorescent stained cells at 2 h and 4 h of culture; nuclei in blue, F-actin in red and FAK in green; (c–e) Cell penetration assay through the nanofiber scaffolds; exemplar image showing that z-stacking of immunofluorescence-stained cells (F-actin in green and nuclei in blue) were unfolded on xz- and yz-planes to reveal 2D constructed images (c), which were combined to complete construction of depth profile of cells on
Most of the human SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells attached to iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs)-loaded PS nanofiber mats through applying an alternating magnetic field (AMF) were dead as a result of the cancer hyperthermia effect [88]
Summary
Nanofibers are fibers with diameters less than 1000 nm [1]. Varying in length from tens of nanometers to a few microns, fiber features create surface topographies that affect various applications used in the nano- and biotechnology fields. Nanofibers tailored from natural and synthetic polymers have gained much interest because they are easy to synthesize and the structural, functional, and compositional properties of these nanofibers are tunable [2,3,4,5] They can be produced by interfacial polymerization, electrospinning (ES), and electrostatic spinning. Owing to the advantageous features of nanofibers and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), many researchers have incorporated MNPs into biodegradable nanofibers to produce paramagnetic nanofiber scaffolds To prepare these composite nanofibers, one of the most commonly used techniques is the mixing of dry inorganic powder with a polymeric solution followed by ES, the nanocomposites formed are not stable and tended to agglomerate. In addition to this type of surface coating, dispersion of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the nanofibers has been performed in both water and organic solvents, as well as sodium citrate and oleic acid, the complete dispersion of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was not achieved due to these incompatible interfaces [21]
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