Abstract
Hydrogels are known for their leading role in biomaterial systems involving pharmaceuticals that fascinate material scientists to work on the wide variety of biomedical applications. The physical and mechanical properties of hydrogels, along with their biodegradability and biocompatibility characteristics, have made them an attractive and flexible tool with various applications such as imaging, diagnosis and treatment. The water-cherishing nature of hydrogels and their capacity to swell—contingent upon a few ecological signals or the simple presence of water—is alluring for drug conveyance applications. Currently, there are several problems relating to drug delivery, to which hydrogel may provide a possible solution. Hence, it is pertinent to collate updates on hydrogels pertaining to biomedical applications. The primary objective of this review article is to garner information regarding classification, properties, methods of preparations, and of the polymers used with particular emphasis on injectable hydrogels. This review also covers the regulatory and other commerce specific information. Further, it enlists several patents and clinical trials of hydrogels with related indications and offers a consolidated resource for all facets associated with the biomedical hydrogels.
Highlights
A heat-sensitive injectable hydrogel system based on hyaluronic acid and a copolymer of polyethylene oxide and poly oxypropylene, providing an efficient drug delivery system that ↑ the therapeutic efficacy of the drug
The regulation considers that the active implantable medical devices and medical devices of class III are subject to the conformity assessment procedures before being placed on the market or put into service, demanding the adoption of more detailed specifications relating to the risk analysis and management
Applications of hydrogels are not restricted to focus medication conveyance they discover applications in cleanliness items, wound dressings, contact focal points, tissue and machine designing. It uses “smart” polymers capable of responding to various ecological signals permits administration of polymeric solution and undergo gelation under physiological conditions leading to in-situ hydrogels formation
Summary
This review brings together different aspects of the hydrogel, such as classification, properties, preparation methods, the polymer used, and applications in the biomedical field. It elaborates the injectable hydrogels enlisting their formulations for mitigating diseases. It emphasizes on the regulatory aspects of commercial hydrogel highlighting the information related to certain ingredients It encompasses properties, preparation methods, the polymer used, and applications in the biomedical field. This review may act as a resource for the hydrogel system concerning the biomedical area covering all the essential aspects and may pave the way to conduct future research in this particular field
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