Abstract
Conducting polymers are of interest due to their unique behavior on exposure to electric fields, which has led to their use in flexible electronics, sensors, and biomaterials. The unique electroactive properties of conducting polymers allow them to be used to prepare biosensors that enable real time, point of care (POC) testing. Potential advantages of these devices include their low cost and low detection limit, ultimately resulting in increased access to treatment. This article presents a review of the characteristics of conducting polymer-based biosensors and the recent advances in their application in the recognition of disease biomarkers.
Highlights
The sensors were prepared by drop-casting graphene onto screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCs) and electrochemically depositing a polyaniline derivative onto the graphene-coated electrodes
Enzyme biorecognition is of interest due to the range of measurable products that stem from the reaction between enzymes and their substrate, including electrons, protons, heat, chromophores, and light
The gold nanoparticles enhanced the conductivity and provided a binding surface for the antibody, anti-neuron specific enolase, and glucose was added to the analyte solution to react with glucose oxidase (GOx), generating H2O2 in situ to amplify the signal response
Summary
An electrode coated with a CP serves as a sensing membrane that is able to reach a local equilibrium with the species of interest in the solution. An aromatic diol, bonds to the polymer’s immobilized boronic acid groups, the conductivity of the polymer decreases This is readily detected as a decrease in drain current between the two electrodes at a constant offset potential. Enhanced conductivity can improve detection limits, as Liu et al demonstrated when they created a nanocomposite sensor incorporating PEDOT microspheres, platinum nanoparticles, and glucose oxidase. The material could be produced using large-scale manufacturing processes, which could eventually result in the ability to mass-produce printable sensors
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