Abstract
Complex multi-lamellar biocomposite structure of Intervertebral Disc (IVD) imparts flexibility between adjacent vertebras, as well as allows transmission of loads from one vertebra to the next along the spine. The disc has a 15- 25 concentric layered laminate structure; each layer is reinforced by collagen fibers which are aligned at approximately 30 degree angle in successive layers with respect to the transverse plane of the disc. This fibrous organization is critical to the proper biomechanical functioning of the disc, such as to convert compressive force to lateral force, to withstand extrinsic tensile stresses (circumferential, longitudinal and torsion). As a result spine becomes flexible to bend and twist. With the regular aging the disc gets dried up lost its flexibility and biomechanical elasticity. That’s why we need tissue engineering of that degenerated tissue to make a proper ailment of that body part by the help of some textile fibers like silk- hydrogel, CMC, PVA- collagen, PGA – chitosan composites. The synthetic polymer has shown great promise for easiness of production, variability in properties and biodegradability and biocompatibity and non-immunogenic response inside the human spinal body for the novel cause of removal and restoration of degenerated human intervertebral disc.
Highlights
Lower Back Pain is a common clinical complaint in these present days
Intervertebral Disc (IVD) rests in the spinal cavity with the help of huge body pressure, compression force due our body weight (BW) and normal body movement [1,2] and given their close proximity to the spinal cord and other peripheral nerves [3,4], it is no surprise that complications with the IVDs can lead to serious neurological effects and become detrimental to multiple areas of the body and the complex loading behaviour [5] of the cervical discs and their frequent involvement in pain and pathology, it is important to understand their mechanical properties
IVD or so called disc is consist of mainly three parts (i) NP (Nucleus Pulposus) the inner jellylike substance at the centre part of the disc which primarily contribute to the torsional or twisting movement of the body, (ii) Annulus Fibrosus (AF) (Anulus Fibrosus)- the outer soft biological tissue part relatively much stronger than NP that is the central part relatively deformable and that is the peripheral part [12,13], mainly distribute the stress on spine and degeneration of these part is mainly responsible for Lower back pain (LBP)
Summary
Lower Back Pain is a common clinical complaint in these present days. most of these symptoms are rises from the biomechanical sources, and the Intervertebral Disc (IVD) is the main culprit in that case. In the recent days natural polymer like silk with rapid availability, versatility and huge mechanical stiffness and modulus can be used for spinal disc implantable materials as in a form of hydrogel where the fibers are orientated in a concentric circles with an opposite fiber direction to replicate the native disc anatomy; which gives the ultimate mechanical stress-relaxation capacity and simulation with the original disc mechanology. All of these above mentioned manmade polymers can be synthesized under controllable conditions with a predictable and control properties from batch to batch with almost no likelihood of microbial infection or contamination. Lap testing: AF Multi-lamellar Confined compression:AF/NP Multi-lamellar Torsional shear: AF/NP/Motion segment
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