Biomechanics of cilia-assisted flow with hybrid nanofluid phenomena impulses by convective conditions

Abstract

The current study examined the cilia-generated flow of hybrid nanofluid (HBNF) in a bending channel. Cilia are classified by the periodic accent of their dynamic forces, which produces many designs of metachronal waves. This research is supported by the supposition of large wavelength and small Reynolds number approximations. Convective boundary condition possessions are adopted in this cilium-driven flow analysis. A hybrid nanofluid mechanism is adopted to mediate nanoparticles in a base fluid. Exact solutions for the velocity, temperature, pressure gradient, and stream function are calculated using ciliated boundary conditions. The effects of relevant physical parameters on the computational results are deliberated graphically. The significance of the considered ciliated model has remarkable applications in biological transport processes and artificial cilia designs.