Abstract
This review paper is related to the biomechanics of additively manufactured (AM) metallic scaffolds, in particular titanium alloy Ti6Al4V scaffolds. This is because Ti6Al4V has been identified as an ideal candidate for AM metallic scaffolds. The factors that affect the scaffold technology are the design, the material used to build the scaffold, and the fabrication process. This review paper includes thus a discussion on the design of Ti6A4V scaffolds in relation to how their behavior is affected by their cell shapes and porosities. This is followed by a discussion on the post treatment and mechanical characterization including in-vitro and in-vivo biomechanical studies. A review and discussion are also presented on the ongoing efforts to develop predictive tools to derive the relationships between structure, processing, properties and performance of powder-bed additive manufacturing of metals. This is a challenge when developing process computational models because the problem involves multi-physics and is of multi-scale in nature. Advantages, limitations, and future trends in AM scaffolds are finally discussed. AM is considered at the forefront of Industry 4.0, the fourth industrial revolution. The market of scaffold technology will continue to boom because of the high demand for human tissue repair.
Highlights
IntroductionMaybe this show inspired researchers to look into developing artificial and bio organs and bionic implants
Do you remember the “Six Million Dollar Man”, an American science fiction and action television series created in the seventies? Maybe this show inspired researchers to look into developing artificial and bio organs and bionic implants
In what follows we review the different additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, and we will discuss the conventional methods and the rapid prototyping methods used to manufacture metallic scaffolds
Summary
Maybe this show inspired researchers to look into developing artificial and bio organs and bionic implants. These bio organs are no longer available, only in fiction stories or shows, but they are being created as prototypes for further developments. Professor M.C. Alpine developed a working bionic ear at Princeton University. Alpine developed a working bionic ear at Princeton University It was printed using cartilage cells in a hydrogel matrix, structural silicon, and silicon infused with silver nanoparticles [2]. The market size of artificial organs and bionic implants in 2019 was USD 25.9 billion [6]. Several conventional techniques have been identified using polymers and textiles to fabricate scaffolds including freeze drying and gas foaming, among others [11]. The factors that affect the scaffold technology are the design of the scaffold, the material used to build the scaffold, and the fabrication process of the scaffold [12]
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