Abstract
The field of orthodontics faced a few fundamental pivots since 1800. Edward Angle introduced a systematic approach to treating patients in 1899. Between 1920 and 2000, development of new orthodontic appliances as well as improvements in orthodontics education reshaped orthodontics. Digital technology has changed how orthodontists treat malocclusions in the last two decades. Specifically, advances in digital orthodontics introduced a paradigm shift in lingual orthodontics attracting more orthodontists especially recently graduated practitioners to offer lingual appliances. This review aimed to point out some of important biomechanical factors in lingual orthodontics and to delineate commonalities and contrasts of these factors in clear aligners and labial systems. Highlights of two work in-progress lingual systems were also discussed. One can reason that better understanding of the advantages and challenges associated with lingual systems especially in comparison to clear aligners and labial systems is essential to creating a fully customized orthodontic experience for patients.
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