Abstract

All living cells experience and integrate a multitude of mechanical and physical cues within their 3D microenvironment to adapt to organismal development. In turn, they respond by exerting forces, regulating their shape, internal cytoskeletal tension, and elastic modulus. Disruption of the cellular forces, as well as variations in subcellular mechanical properties, can lead to altered pathophysiological conditions and the onset of diseases e.g., cancer. Diseases like cancer i.e., brain cancer (glioblastoma) are characterized by dramatic changes in cell and tissue mechanics, and dysregulation of forces at the cell and tissue level can activate mechanosignaling to compromise tissue integrity and function and promote disease progression.

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