Abstract
Dental implants are widely used and are a predictable treatment in various edentulous cases. Occlusal overload may be causally related to implant bone loss and a loss of integration. Stress concentrations may be diminished using a mechanobiologically integrated implant with bone tissue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical behavior, biocompatibility and bioactivity of a Ti-Nb-Sn alloy as a dental implant material. It was compared with cpTi. Cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were quantified. To assess the degree of osseointegration, a push-in test was carried out. Cell proliferation and ALP activity in the cells grown on prepared surfaces were similar for the Ti-Nb-Sn alloy and for cpTi in all the experiments. A comparison between the Ti-Nb-Sn alloy implant and the cpTi implant revealed that no significant difference was apparent for the push-in test values. These results suggest that implants fabricated using Ti-Nb-Sn have a similar biological potential as cpTi and are capable of excellent osseointegration.
Highlights
Dental implants are widely used and a predictable treatment in various edentulous cases
The hydrophilicity of cpTi and Ti-Nb-Sn alloy surfaces was measured by automatic contact angle device
The contact angles onto cpTi and Ti-Nb-Sn alloy surfaces were 42.5° ± 4.6° and 45.8° ± 5.3°, respectively (Figure 2a)
Summary
Dental implants are widely used and a predictable treatment in various edentulous cases. It has been reported that various factors such as hosts, implant fixtures, surgical and prosthesis techniques influence implant failure [1,2]. Occlusal overload is causally related to implant bone loss and the loss of integration. An excessive load on implants causes marginal bone loss and crater-like bone defects [3,4]. Finite element analysis (FEA) has revealed the stress distribution of peri-implant bones. FEA requires various parameters such as implant design, the physical properties of the bone tissue, loading and boundary conditions. A high von Mises stress has been observed in the cortical bone around implants because of differences in the elastic moduli and the strength of implants and tissues [5,6]
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