Biomechanical Effect of Superior Capsule Reconstruction Using a 3-mm and 6-mm Thick Acellular Dermal Allograft in a Dynamic Shoulder Model

Abstract

To biomechanically compare the effect of superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) using a 3- and 6-mm thick acellular dermal allograft for the treatment of irreparable rotator cuff tears. Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were tested using a dynamic shoulder model. Maximum abduction angle (MAA), glenohumeral superior translation (ghST), subacromial peak contact pressure (sPCP), and cumulative deltoid force (cDF) were compared among 4 conditions: (1) intact shoulder, (2) simulated irreparable rotator cuff tear (RCT), (3) SCR using a 3-mm-thick acellular dermal allograft, (4) SCR using a 6-mm-thick acellular dermal allograft. Compared with the intact state, simulated irreparable RCTs significantly decreased MAA (P < .001), while significantly increasing ghST (P= .001), sPCP (P < .001), and cDF (P < .001). SCR with a 3-mm-thick graft significantly increased MAA (P= .01) and decreased ghST (P= .01) compared with the RCT state, however, showed similar sPCP and cDF. Compared with the torn state, SCR with a 6-mm-thick graft significantly increased MAA (P < .001) and significantly decreased ghST (P < .001), sPCP (P < .001), and cDF (P= .001). Using a 6-mm-thick graft demonstrated similar MAA, ghST, sPCP, and cDF compared with the intact state. When comparing the 3-mm to the 6-mm thick graft, significant differences were found in ghST (P= .03), sPCP (P < .001), and cDF (P= .02). SCR with a 6-mm-thick acellular dermal allograft better restored normal glenohumeral joint position and forces compared with a 3-mm-thick graft for the treatment of irreparable RCTs. Graft thickness may affect the clinical success following SCR with commercially available dermal allografts. Using a thicker (>3 mm) graft was able to biomechanically better restore native glenohumeral joint properties.