Abstract
A dental implant is currently the most commonly used treatment for patients with lost teeth. There is no biomechanical reference available to study the effect of different occlusion conditions on dental implants with different positions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a biomechanical analysis of the impact of four common occlusion conditions on the different positions of dental implants using the finite element method. We built a finite element model that included the entire mandible and implanted seven dental implant fixtures. We also applied external force to the position of muscles on the mandible of the superficial masseter, deep masseter, medial pterygoid, anterior temporalis, middle temporalis, and posterior temporalis to simulate the four clenching tasks, namely the incisal clench (INC), intercuspal position (ICP), right unilateral molar clench (RMOL), and right group function (RGF). The main indicators measured in this study were the reaction force on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the fixed top end of the abutment in the dental implant system, and the stress on the mandible and dental implant systems. The results of the study showed that under the occlusion conditions of RMOL, the dental implant system (113.99 MPa) and the entire mandible (46.036 MPa) experienced significantly higher stress, and the reaction force on the fixed-top end of the abutment in the dental implant system (261.09 N) were also stronger. Under the occlusion of ICP, there was a greater reaction force (365.8 N) on the temporomandibular joint. In addition, it was found that the reaction force on the posterior region (26.968 N to 261.09 N) was not necessarily greater than that on the anterior region (28.819 N to 70.431 N). This information can help clinicians and dental implant researchers understand the impact of different chewing forces on the dental implant system at different positions after the implantation.
Highlights
The dental implant treatment is currently one of the major treatment methods for patients with lost teeth
The finite element analysis (FEA) showed the distribution of the reaction forces and structural stress at the fixed top end of the abutment in the dental implant system
Since the mechanical analysis will become highly complicated when taking into account the different occlusion conditions, it is difficult for clinical researchers to conduct studies that evaluate the effect of different occlusion conditions on dental implants, which explains why there is no reference available on this topic
Summary
The dental implant treatment is currently one of the major treatment methods for patients with lost teeth. The success rate of dental implants is very high [1], the most common factors of implant failure for late losses after implant placement are bacterial-induced marginal bone loss (peri-implantitis) and excessive occlusal stress [2]. The overloading on dental implants has always been one of the main causes of implant failure [3]. The biomechanics of dental implants is a topic that has received great attention from many researchers. Most dental implant systems mainly consist of the dental implant, abutment, screw, crown, and other structures. Many studies have conducted research on the different designs of the
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