Abstract
ABSTRACT Six Penicillium strains were isolated from soil at a depth of 0 15 cm in the Juréia-Itatins Ecology Station (JIES), in the São Paulo State, Brazil. They were evaluated for xylanase production under different temperatures and carbon sources. The best carbon source and temperature were first determined in an automated Bioscreen C system, verifying the growth of microorganisms. Liquid media containing tap water with 2% carbohydrate and/or 1% nitrogen sources were used. Afterwards, Penicillium citrinum, P. fellutanum, P. rugulosum and P. decumbens were cultivated in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks with 50 mL of culture medium containing tap water sole 2% carbon source (fructose, glucose, mannitol, sucrose or xylose) and 1% yeast extract as a nitrogen source at pH 5.0 and 28o C, with agitation of 150 rpm for 72 hours. These same strains, except P. decumbens, and P. purpurogenum were cultivated in solid substrate with wheat bran under the same environmental conditions to study the potential of xylanase activity. Maximum xylanase activity was observed in cultures with wheat bran, without the addition of any other carbon source, using inocula containing 1 x 107 spores.mL-1 (28o C, pH 5.0, 72 h). It can be concluded that P. fellutanum and P. citrinumare a good xylanase producers under the conditions of 28º C. The results of xylanase activity were 54% less at 28º C in liquid cultures media cultures than in solid substrate.
Highlights
The Atlantic Rainforest represents one of the most degraded ecosystems in Brazil
Fungi cultures and xylanase activity The Penicillium strains were cultured in liquid medium containing 2% carbon source and 1% yeast extract as a nitrogen source in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks with 50 mL of tap water
Through the experiments carried out in the automated Bioscreen C system, 240 growth curves were obtained for the six strains of Penicillium in media containing sole of carbon and/or nitrogen source
Summary
The Atlantic Rainforest represents one of the most degraded ecosystems in Brazil. Remaining forested areas have been declared protected areas to guarantee the preservation of the fauna and flora. MATERIAL AND METHODS Isolation and inocula The Penicillium strains (P. citrinum, P. decumbens, P. fellutanum, P. purpurogenum, and P. rugulosum) were isolated from the soil (0-15 cm deep) in the JuréiaItatins Ecology Station (JIES), São Paulo state, Brazil, and stored at 4o C in test tubes containing malt extract medium (Merck).
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