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Abstract
AbstractTo breed improved biomass cultivars of Miscanthus ×giganteus, it will be necessary to select the highest‐yielding and best‐adapted genotypes of its parental species, Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus. We phenotyped a diverse clonally propagated panel of 569 M. sinensis and nine natural diploid M. ×giganteus at one subtropical (Zhuji, China) and five temperate locations (Sapporo, Japan; Leamington, Ontario, Canada; Fort Collins, CO; Urbana, IL; and Chuncheon, Korea) for dry biomass yield and 14 yield‐component traits, in trials grown for 3 years. Notably, dry biomass yield of four Miscanthus accessions exceeded 80 Mg/ha in Zhuji, China, approaching the highest observed for any land plant. Additionally, six M. sinensis in Sapporo, Japan and one in Leamington, Canada also yielded more than the triploid M. ×giganteus ‘1993‐1780’ control, with values exceeding 20 Mg/ha. Diploid M. ×giganteus was the best‐yielding group at the northern sites. Genotype‐by‐environment interactions were modest among the five northern trial sites but large between Zhuji, and the northern sites. M. sinensis accessions typically yielded best at trial sites with latitudes similar to collection sites, although broad adaptation was observed for accessions from southern Japan. Genotypic heritabilities for third year yields ranged from 0.71 to 0.88 within locations. Compressed circumference was the best predictor of yield. These results establish a baseline of data for initiating selection to improve biomass yield of M. sinensis and M. ×giganteus in a diverse set of relevant geographies.
Highlights
Miscanthus is a C4 perennial grass native to East Asia, and a promising biomass crop for many applications, including lignocellulosic ethanol production, gasification or direct combustion to generate electricity or heat, producing paper, building materials, biodegradable plastic, animal bedding, mulch, and livestock feed (Acikel, 2011; Clifton‐Brown & Lewandowski, 2002; Heaton, Clifton‐Brown, Voigt, Jones, & Long, 2004; Johnson, Tucker, Barnes, & Kirwan, 2005; Sacks, Juvik, Lin, Stewart, & Yamada, 2013)
In previous population genetics studies, we identified six major genetic groups of M. sinensis, with three in China, one in China and Korea, and two in Japan (Clark et al, 2014), with the South Japan (S Japan) group being further subdivided into S Japan and Central Japan in a subsequent study (Clark et al, 2015)
We present field evaluations of the largest and most genetically diverse panel of M. sinensis evaluated to date, with phenotypic data from three field trial locations in East Asia and three in North America
Summary
Miscanthus is a C4 perennial grass native to East Asia, and a promising biomass crop for many applications, including lignocellulosic ethanol production, gasification or direct combustion to generate electricity or heat, producing paper, building materials, biodegradable plastic, animal bedding, mulch, and livestock feed (Acikel, 2011; Clifton‐Brown & Lewandowski, 2002; Heaton, Clifton‐Brown, Voigt, Jones, & Long, 2004; Johnson, Tucker, Barnes, & Kirwan, 2005; Sacks, Juvik, Lin, Stewart, & Yamada, 2013) All of these applications depend on high‐yielding cultivars in order to be commercially viable. Biomass yield and 14 yield‐component traits of M. sinensis were studied to (a) determine the range of genotypic diversity for yield in this species, and how performance varied with location of origin and genetic group, (b) quantify G × E effects and how well performance at one trial site predicted performance at other trial sites, and (c) identify yield‐component traits that are strong predictors of yield
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