Abstract
Biomass torrefaction was tested on pilot scale (50 kg/h throughput) for 3 types of wood: European spruce, ash and willow. Quantitative analysis of process streams was accomplished by utilising on- and off-line analytical methods. These results gave more insight into the torrefaction chemistry and formed the basis for determining mass and energy balances of the torrefaction plant. Furthermore, these data allowed a good estimation of the heat integration potential for a large-scale torrefaction process. A theoretical overall thermal efficiency of 90% was calculated for a large-scale, heat-integrated torrefaction process that uses wet woody feedstock containing 45 wt.% moisture. This demonstrates that torrefaction has good potential as a cost-effective and sustainable process for the production of solid bio-energy carriers.
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