Abstract
Climate change is a reality that affects the daily lives of people around the world, with a set of effects that are systematically felt. If there is still discussion about the real cause behind these phenomena, with differing opinions defending the anthropic origin or the origin in terrestrial cycles of geological scale, it seems to be unanimously attributed to the increased concentration of greenhouse gases—particularly to CO2. That is, whatever the source of CO2, it is commonly accepted that this is the cause of the acceleration of the climate change process, and the occurrence of extreme climate phenomena. The use of energy from renewable sources, such as solar or wind, can contribute to the replacement of energy generated from fossil sources. However, these forms of energy are dependent on uncontrollable climatic factors and are, therefore, dependent on the existence of alternatives that, when in reserve, can be activated at any time as soon as the power grid requests their activation. Thus, biomass emerges as an alternative capable of providing this answer, although it also has numerous disadvantages. Torrefaction may be the technology that corrects these drawbacks and allows for the successful use of biomass in the replacement the coal used in power generation, contributing significantly to the reduction of CO2 emissions. In addition to this possibility, it is necessary to introduce forest management models that effectively make use of all material flows generated during forestry operations, creating value-added chains, with a view toward a circular economy and resource sustainability.
Highlights
Today, humankind is facing what is most likely its greatest challenge ever [1,2]
Sustdaeinfaebnildityin2g02t0h, e12o, 9c2c2urrence of climate change as a problem related to natural phenomena associate2dof 9 with geological scale terrestrial cycles, or with other contemporaries who attribute any and all responsibility to anthropic activity, there is little doubt that at least the acceleration of these climate cycclheasn—gies parloscoesleseasdisntegmtso ffrroemquheunmt eaxntkrienmd'es wexecaetshsievreprheleenaosemoefnag,reseunchhouassethgoasseesbieninitgs creolnetnitnleusaslly reppourrtseuditboyf trheesomurecdeisaawndorelndewrgidye[8[5––172]]
Climate change is a set of phenomena that have a direct impact on daily activities, highlighting the changes that affect the growth cycle of both agricultural and forest crops
Summary
Humankind is facing what is most likely its greatest challenge ever [1,2]. This challenge, caused by its own inability to manage a growing need for material and energy resources, has led to a state of pressure on the environment, causing imbalances in the Earth’s systems [3,4,5]. For the discussion presented here, after the bibliographical research on the themes, the analysis of the opinions expressed by other authors was made, allowing the establishment of a model that integrates the use of waste biomass as a sustainable energy alternative through the use of torrefaction technology, while addressing the issue of creating an integrated forest management model and one which comprises forest resource management with the ability to capture and store carbon From this perspective, this review article intends to address the fact that one of the main advantages presented by several authors for torrefaction as a biomass pretreatment technology is its ability to homogenize different forms of biomass, making possible the use of residual forms, which are normally not part of the supply chains of bioenergy circuits. With this ability to use new forms of biomass, many of which have no commercial market value, production costs can be reduced significantly, making more competitive a process that, being more complex, is more costly
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