Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a methodology for the determination of the maximum sampling error and confidence intervals of thermal properties obtained from thermogravimetric analysis (TG), including moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash content. The sampling procedure of the TG analysis was of particular interest and was conducted with care. The results of the present study were compared to those of a prompt analysis, and a correlation between the mean values and maximum sampling errors of the methods were not observed. In general, low and acceptable levels of uncertainty and error were obtained, demonstrating that the properties evaluated by TG analysis were representative of the overall fuel composition. The accurate determination of the thermal properties of biomass with precise confidence intervals is of particular interest in energetic biomass applications.
Highlights
IntroductionConference, climate change is a significant challenge, and actions must be taken to prevent any further increase in global temperature
According to the Kyoto Protocol [1] and the 2009 Copenhagen United Nations Climate ChangeConference, climate change is a significant challenge, and actions must be taken to prevent any further increase in global temperature
This study provided a statistical analysis of the sampling error or level of uncertainty associated with the properties measured in a thermogravimetric analysis (TG) analysis as well as the corresponding confidence intervals
Summary
Conference, climate change is a significant challenge, and actions must be taken to prevent any further increase in global temperature. An increase in energy demand and atmospheric CO2, as well as the high cost and limited availability of fossil fuels, have led to the partial replacement of fossil fuels with biomass [2]. Knowledge of the chemical composition, thermal behavior and reactivity of biomass is essential for the effective design and operation of thermochemical conversion units. Thermoanalytical techniques, such as thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), provide this information in a straightforward manner [2,3,4]. TG analyses are based on the volatilization rate of fuels, which is dependent on the heating rate applied to the sample and the type of fuel
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