Biomass production in mass cultures of marine phytoplankton at varying temperatures

Abstract

Natural populations of marine phytoplankton obtained from a large outdoor pond were grown on waste water-sea water mixtures in laboratory continuous cultures in the temperature range 5–33 °C. Virtually all of the influent inorganic nitrogen (14.0 mg l −1) was assimilated at every temperature tested. There was, however, a distinct change in dominant species with temperature: below 19.8 °C Phaeodactylum tricornutum was dominant, at 27 °C Nilzschia sp. was the main species, and as the temperature increased above 27 °C a blue-green alga, Oscillatoria sp., became increasingly dominant. There is some indication that the excellent growth of P. tricornutum below 10 °C was related to a dramatic increase in the nutrient content per cell as the temperature decreased. Thus at low temperatures reduced division rates are compensated for by increased nutrient uptake rates. It follows that there is a transfer of phytoplankton protein from numerous small cells at intermediate temperatures to large cells that are reduced in numbers at lower temperatures but which represent the same total organic matter. The effect of this phenomenon on annual food chain efficiencies in both controlled and natural marine ecosystems is unknown.