Abstract
In farm forestry trials for woody biomass production, pigeonpea ( Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) showed excellent adaptability to wide variations of inter-row or interplant spacings for stem as well as grain yields. The crucial factor determining biomass production was not spacing but planting density. Stem and grain yield increase beyond a density of ca. 20 000 plants/ha was minimal, so this is optimal. Average dry stem yields of 9·1 Mg ha −1 were obtained in a wide range of row spacings from 30 to 75 cm without diminishing the grain yields, which averaged 1·2 Mg ha −1. At maturity, inter-row or inter-plant spacings did not significantly influence nutrient concentration in stem or seed. Litter production was 1·9 Mg ha −1 and the amounts of nutrients recycled in the growth season were (kg ha −1) 39·5 N, 2·1 P, 7·3 K and 2·1 S.
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