Abstract

In March 2006 the East Amarillo Complex (EAC) wildfires burned over 367 000 ha of short and mixed grass prairie of the southern High Plains, USA. We studied EAC wildfire effects on perennial grass mortality and peak standing crop on Deep Hardland and Mixedland Slopes ecological sites. Deep Hardlands were dominated by blue grama ( Bouteloua gracilis H.B.K. [Griffiths]) and buffalograss ( Buchloe dactyloides [Nutt.] Engelm.); common species on Mixedland Slopes were little bluestem ( Schizachyrium scoparium [Michx.] Nash.) and sideoats grama ( Bouteloua curtipendula [Michx.] Torr.) with scattered sand sagebrush ( Artemisia filifolia Torr.) sometimes present. We hypothesized that perennial grass mortality would increase and standing crop would decrease following severe wildfire, and that these responses would be greater than documented prescribed fire effects. Frequency of perennial grass mortality was higher on both sites in burned areas than nonburned areas through three growing seasons following wildfire; however, standing crop was minimally affected. Results suggest that post-wildfire management to ameliorate wildfire effects is not necessary, and that wildfire effects in this area of the southern High Plains are similar to prescribed fire effects. En Marzo de 2006 los incendios del Complejo del Este de Amarillo (CEA) quemaron más de 367.000 ha de estepas de pastos cortos y mixtos del sur de las Altas Planicies de EE.UU. Estudiamos los efectos del incendio del CEA sobre la mortalidad de pastos perennes y la biomasa total acumulada en dos sitios ecológicos denominados Deep Hardland (DH) y Mixedland Slopes (MS). Las especies dominantes en el sitio DH fueron Bouteloua gracilis H.B.K. [Griffiths] y Buchloe dactyloides, mientras que las especies comunes en el sitio MS fueron Schizachyrium scoparium [Michx.] Nash.y Bouteloua curtipendula [Michx.] Torr. con la presencia esporádica de individuos de Artemisia filifolia Torr. Nuestra hipótesis predijo que los incendios severos aumentarían la mortalidad de pastos perennes y disminuirían la biomasa en pie y que dichas respuestas serian mayores a las documentadas en quemas prescriptas. En ambos sitios, la frecuencia de mortalidad de pastos perennes fue mayor en áreas quemadas que en áreas no quemadas a lo largo de tres estaciones de crecimiento posterior al incendio; no obstante, la biomasa en pie fue mínimamente afectada. Los resultados sugieren que el manejo post-incendio tendiente a atenuar los efectos del mismo no es necesario, y que los efectos de los incendios en esta región sur de las Altas Planicies es similar a la de las quemas prescriptas.

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