Abstract
The hydrothermal conversions of three model compounds—starch, bovine serum albumin and linoleic acid—and their binary and ternary mixtures were evaluated. Batch experiments were operated at 250–350°C, 5–20MPa for 10–60min. Bio-oil produced from sugars, proteins and their mixtures contained ∼70% carbon and ∼15% oxygen (w/w) with higher heating values than those of the substrates. When treated individually, bio-oil yields showed the following behavior: lipids>sugars>proteins. Dehydration and condensation reactions among intermediates were hypothesized to enhance the production of bio-oil via the hydrothermal conversion of sugar and lipid mixtures. The ternary mixtures (sugar+oil+protein) exhibit the best performance for bio-oil production, likely due to similar chemical reactions, catalyzed by alkalinity from protein degradation. Results of this study demonstrate that the bio-oil yields for hydrothermal liquefaction of sugars, proteins and lipids may be maximized by selective design of feedstock composition.
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