Abstract
Diminishing fossil fuel reserves and global warming issues are driving society toward the search for new renewable sources of energyEnergy . Lignocellulosic can significantly displace petroleum in the production of fuelsFuel . Oxygenated fuels such as ethanol Ethanol and biodieselBiodiesel currently dominate the fuel market although they have important limitations. The production of liquid hydrocarbon fuels from biomass is a paradigmatic transformation Transformation allowing the production of fuels chemically identical to those currently used in the transportation sector. The present chapter describes some of the catalytic strategies used to transform biomass-derived molecules into liquid hydrocarbon fuels. These strategies are first focused on decreasing the oxygen Oxygen content of the original molecule such that its reactivity can be more easily controlled. In a subsequent step, the less oxygenated intermediates are upgraded via C–C coupling reactions to increase the length chain to produce a final product suitable for diesel Diesel and jet fuel applications. The present chapter offers a number of examples on biomass-derived acidsAcid such as lactic and levulinic acidsLevulinic acid and biomass sugars such as glucose Glucose catalytically transformed into liquid hydrocarbon fuels.
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