Biomass Accumulation and Growth of Common Bean Plants Under Water and Salt Stresses

Gustavo Da S Vieira,Renato G Guimarães Júnior,Vitor M Veneziano,Frederico A L Soares,Tatiana M Rodrigues,Samara S Viana,Marconi B Teixeira,Carlos R Rodrigues,Vitória R De C Martins,Fernando R Cabral Filho,Fernando N Cunha,Cicero T S Costa

doi:10.5539/jas.v11n3p350

Abstract

When it is said about quality and quantity of water supplied through irrigation, for common bean cultivation, it is considered sensitive to water and saline stress. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biomass accumulation and growth of common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) subjected to irrigation with different water depths, using water with different electrical conductivities. The experiment was carried out in pots under a protected environment located in an experimental area of the Federal Institute of Goi&aacute;s, Rio Verde Campus, in the city of Rio Verde, Goi&aacute;s. The design was a randomized complete block design in a 4 &times; 2 factorial scheme with three replications. 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the evapotranspiration of the crop, and two types of electrical conductivity of irrigation water equal to 0.6 and 3.0 dS m-1. All variables were analyzed using the SISVAR&reg; software, whose mean values for the electrical conductivity treatments were compared by Tukey test at 0.05% probability and water replacement by regression analysis, when significant. The use of irrigation water with electrical conductivity of 3 dS m-1 reduces plant height, number of green leaves and stem diameter at 35 days after sowing, thus reducing dry biomass accumulation and aerial part water accumulation at 20 and 70 days after sowing. The deleterious effects under the dry mass of the aerial part at 70 days after sowing, when using an electrical conductivity of 3 dS m-1, are accentuated by the increase of the water dephts.

Highlights

The common bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most traditional foods, with significant social and economic importance, is the most important crop legume for human consumption, accounting for 50% of the grain legumes consumed worldwide (Bastos et al, 2016; Ayra et al, 2018)
Salinization reduces the productivity of various crops, due to morphological changes caused by saline solutions, such as a reduction in germination, and in the vegetative growth attributed to osmotic stress (Machado et al, 2007; Andréo-Souza et al, 2010; Saeidi-Sar et al, 2013); the salinity affects plant physiology through changes of water and ionic status in the cells because of ionic imbalance due to excessive accumulation of Na and Cl and reduced uptake of other mineral nutrients, such as K, Ca and Mg (Pessarakli, 1999; Hasegawa et al, 2000; Aydin et al, 2012)
The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and significant means were compared by the Tukey’s test at 0.05% of probability and by regression analysis

Summary

Introduction

The common bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most traditional foods, with significant social and economic importance, is the most important crop legume for human consumption, accounting for 50% of the grain legumes consumed worldwide (Bastos et al, 2016; Ayra et al, 2018). The bean is extremely salt sensitive species, suffers yield losses even at soil salinity of less than 2 dSm-1 (Pessarakli,1999), so salinity is a serious problem to crop production since it affects around 30% of the arable land worldwide (Mahajan & Tuteja, 2005). The objective of this work was to evaluate the biomass accumulation and growth of common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) subjected to irrigation with different water depths, using water with different electrical conductivities

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusion