Biomarkers of natural resistance in caws with deficiency of vitamins A and E

Abstract

The article highlights the results of studies of the state of natural resistance in highly productive cattle with disorders of vitamin metabolism. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of hypovitaminoses A and E of varying severity on biomarkers of natural resistance in cows. Serum from 90 cows from farms in different regions of Ukraine was used as research material. Levels of vitamins A and E in serum, the levels of some markers of innate immunity (total protein, globulins, circulating immune complexes, seromucoids, lysozyme activity) and the state of oxidative-antioxidant homeostasis (content of diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde, catalase activity) were measured. Common methods based on spectrophotometry were used. It has been found that in highly productive cows with vitamin A and E deficiency compared to animals with normal physiological level of vitamins, there are shifts in the markers of natural resistance. Thus, severe hypovitaminoses A and E (decrease by 64.4% and 37.5% respectively) is accompanied by a probable increase in globulins, circulating immune complexes and seromucoids by 50.0–71.4%, as well as a decrease in catalase activity and accumulation of lipid peroxidation products by 21.1–28.5%. With vitamin A and E deficiency at the level of 26.4% and 2.5% respectively, there is an increase in the level of globulins (by 24.5%) and less pronounced changes (by 18.6–26.4%) of a similar orientation in the system of lipid peroxidation-antioxidant protection. The decrease in the level of vitamin A in the blood serum of cows by 34% is accompanied only by an increased accumulation of malonic dialdehyde by 20.7%. Lysozyme activity was reduced in animals of all experimental groups with vitamin A and E deficiency, but the degree of its changes did not depend on the severity of hypovitaminoses