Abstract
Outcomes following adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery vary, despite technical advances and improved patient selection. Current prediction models, comprised of clinical and radiographic parameters, do not fully explain observed variation in patient outcomes. Objective biomarkers have fundamentally improved prediction, prognostication, and risk-stratification in other disease states and warrant further exploration in the care of ASD patients. In this review, we provide an overview of the need for objective biomarkers in the management of ASD. We detail advances in biomarker development for patient frailty, biological age, sarcopenia, bone quality, and nutritional status and consider how these biomarkers might be integrated into the management of ASD patients.
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