Abstract
Prostate cancer is a threat to men and usually occurs in aged males. Though prostate specific antigen level and Gleason score are utilized for evaluation of the prostate cancer in clinic, the biomarkers for this malignancy have not been widely recognized. Furthermore, the outcome varies across individuals receiving comparable treatment regimens and the underlying mechanism is still unclear. We supposed that genetic feature may be responsible for, at least in part, this process and conducted a two-cohort study to compare the genetic difference in tumorous and normal tissues of prostate cancer patients. The Gene Expression Omnibus dataset were used and a total of 41 genes were found significantly differently expressed in tumor tissues as compared with normal prostate tissues. Four genes (SPOCK3, SPON1, PTN and TGFB3) were selected for further evaluation after Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis and clinical association analysis. MIR1908 was also found decreased expression level in prostate cancer whose target genes were found expressing in both prostate tumor and normal tissues. These results indicated that these potential biomarkers deserve attention in prostate cancer patients and the underlying mechanism should be further investigated.
Highlights
Prostate cancer is still a serious threat to men in the world, with a top 2 ranked mortality rate in males, second to that of lung cancer [1, 2]
We found that SPOCK3, SPON1, PTN and TGFB3 were significantly correlated with the progression-free survival (PFS) status of prostate cancer patients
We first explored the profile of differentially expressed genes among these four datasets and probes were defined as our measurement index. 1006 decreased expression level probes and 1466 increased expression level probes showing significantly different expression level were found in GSE26910. 1522 decreased expression level probes and 1168 increased expression level probes were considered as significantly differentially expressed probes in GSE32448. 15844 decreased expression level probes and 44 increased expression level probes in GSE46602, 7832 decreased expression level probes and 175 increased expression level probes in GSE55945 were identified (Figure 1A-1D)
Summary
Prostate cancer is still a serious threat to men in the world, with a top 2 ranked mortality rate in males, second to that of lung cancer [1, 2]. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) level and Gleason score were used for screening and evaluation of prostate cancer [5, 6], the genetic feature, critical for diagnosis and prognosis for prostate cancer patients, is still not widely recognized [7, 8]. Genome-scale screening is necessary to facilitate the understanding about the inner cause and progression of prostate cancer. Genome-scale microarrays are used in cancer study as a powerful technology for years. Many genes were found related to prostate cancer, such as PIM1, AMACR, H3K27me, and IL-15 [10,11,12,13]. Poor reproducibility of results is still a potential problem and a comprehensive study integrating microarray data generated from different labs is necessary [14]
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