Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants, associated with arrested lung development and a need for supplemental oxygen. Over the past few decades, the incidence of BPD has significantly raised as a result of improved survival of VLBW infants requiring mechanical ventilation. While early disease detection is critical to prevent chronic lung remodeling and complications later in life, BPD is often difficult to diagnose and prevent due to the lack of good biomarkers for identification of infants at risk, and overlapping symptoms with other diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension (PH). Due to the current lack of effective treatment available for BPD and PH, research is currently focused on primary prevention strategies, and identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis, that could also represent potential therapeutic targets. In addition, novel histopathological, biochemical, and molecular factors have been identified in the lung tissue and in biological fluids of BPD and PH patients that could associate with the disease phenotype. In this review, we provide an overview of biomarkers for pediatric BPD and PH that have been identified in clinical studies using various biological fluids. We also present a brief summary of the information available on current strategies and guidelines to prevent and diagnose BPD and PH, as well as their pathophysiology, risk factors, and experimental therapies currently available.
Highlights
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease associated with arrested pulmonary development and a need for supplemental oxygen
Other preliminary studies have demonstrated a pharmacological inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors that leads to attenuation of vascular growth and abnormal vasodilator capacity of pulmonary blood vessels [39, 40]. This increased pulmonary vascular vasoreactivity leads to increased overall vascular resistance that is exaggerated even with minor left to right shunt of blood via patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), cardiac or intrapulmonary arteriovenous pulmonary vessels that results in a marked vasoconstrictor response and greater hemodynamic instability (Figure 2)
We have reviewed the literature to find studies identifying these biomarkers in various populations, and we have compared the available information on patient sample size, disease phenotype, classification criteria, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of each biomarker
Summary
Lidys Rivera , Roopa Siddaiah , Christiana Oji-Mmuo , Gabriela R. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease of very-lowbirth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants, associated with arrested lung development and a need for supplemental oxygen. While early disease detection is critical to prevent chronic lung remodeling and complications later in life, BPD is often difficult to diagnose and prevent due to the lack of good biomarkers for identification of infants at risk, and overlapping symptoms with other diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension (PH). Novel histopathological, biochemical, and molecular factors have been identified in the lung tissue and in biological fluids of BPD and PH patients that could associate with the disease phenotype. We provide an overview of biomarkers for pediatric BPD and PH that have been identified in clinical studies using various biological fluids.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
