Biomarkers and Utility of the Antioxidant Potential of Probiotic Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria as Representatives of the Human Gut Microbiota.

Olga V Averina,Valery N Danilenko,Elena U Poluektova,Mariya V Marsova

doi:10.3390/biomedicines9101340

Olga V Averina, Valery N Danilenko + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101340

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Abstract

Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are an important part of human gut microbiota. Among numerous benefits, their antioxidant properties are attracting more and more attention. Multiple in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, along with their cellular components, possess excellent antioxidant capacity, which provides a certain degree of protection to the human body against diseases associated with oxidative stress. Recently, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria have begun to be considered as a new source of natural antioxidants. This review summarizes the current state of research on various antioxidant properties of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Special emphasis is given to the mechanisms of antioxidant activity of these bacteria in the human gut microbiota, which involve bacterial cell components and metabolites. This review is also dedicated to the genes involved in the antioxidant properties of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria strains as indicators of their antioxidant potential in human gut microbiota. Identification of the antioxidant biomarkers of the gut microbiota is of great importance both for creating diagnostic systems for assessing oxidative stress and for choosing strategies aimed at restoring the normal functioning of the microbiota and, through it, restoring human health. In this review, the practical application of probiotic strains with proven antioxidant properties to prevent oxidative stress is also considered.

Highlights

Accepted: 22 September 2021Oxidative stress (OS) is a common pathogenetic mechanism of tissue damage, and is one of the main factors affecting the course of many diseases
Multiple in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, along with their components, possess outstanding antioxidant capacity that provides a certain degree of protection of both their own cells and those of their hosts against oxidative damage
An extensive body of research proves that probiotic bacteria are capable of imparting AO benefits to the human organism, preventing diseases associated with OS

Summary

Introduction

Oxidative stress (OS) is a common pathogenetic mechanism of tissue damage, and is one of the main factors affecting the course of many diseases. OS is caused by the main reactive oxygen species (ROS): superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals (HO·), lipid peroxide radicals (LOO·), and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). Endogenous ROS are a byproduct of metabolism that occurs naturally inside the cell during oxygen metabolism as a part of cellular respiration carried out by the mitochondria—free oxidation (FRO) of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids [1,2,3]. OS is defined as a condition in which the pro-oxidant–antioxidant balance in the cell is disturbed, resulting in DNA hydroxylation, protein denaturation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, compromising cells’ viability. OS is accompanied by various inflammatory processes, and is involved in a large variety of disorders, Published: 28 September 2021

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