Abstract
Biomagnification has often been used to explain concentration patterns of heavy metals in terrestrial animals. However, there are many examples where biomagnification does not seem to apply, such as highest concentrations occurring at the bottom of a food chain. Therefore the applicability of biomagnification has attracted increasing criticism during the last decade. In this study this criticism is summarized and supplemented with data on cadmium concentrations in field samples and studies on cadmium kinetics. The results of these studies and the modelling of cadmium through a food chain are discussed and implications of the conclusions for risk assessment are given. Biomagnification should be incorporated in risk assessment methods to identify species at highest risk.
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