Abstract
Normal fertilization involves interaction of one sperm and one egg. When the first sperm enters the egg, the egg develops blocks on the zona pellucida and egg plasma membrane (oolemma) to prevent additional sperm from entering the egg. If more than one sperm enters the oocyte cytoplasm (ooplasm), the egg becomes polyspermic. Polyspermy has not been well studied in humans. As development of assisted reproductive technologies and embryonic stem cell studies, it is important to understand more about the interaction of sperm and oocytes and accessory sperm inside the early embryos. Extensive studies and reviews have summarized the polyspermy block in mice and large animals. This review focuses on new discoveries, oocyte quality, multiploidy, ability of embryo’s self-correction, and the clinical relevance. Studying polyspermy from different angles in humans, such as oocyte quality and patient endocrine environment, will allow us to gain more knowledge about early embryo development in humans. The ultimate goal of these studies is to avoid genetic abnormalities, such as mosaicism, from happening in patients.
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